If you’re looking for compact espresso machines that deliver barista-quality coffee at home, I’ve found some great options like the De’Longhi Dedica, Breville Bambino Plus, and CASABREWS models. These machines combine high-pressure pumps, fast heating, and milk frothing capabilities, all packed into small profiles perfect for limited space. They’re user-friendly and easy to maintain, making your coffee routine simple. Keep going, and I’ll share detailed insights to help you pick the best one for your needs.
Key Takeaways
- Compact size and sleek design ideal for small kitchens, offices, or travel without sacrificing espresso quality.
- Features like 20 Bar pumps, PID temperature control, and rapid heating ensure rich, barista-style results at home.
- Easy operation with programmable settings, milk frothers, and intuitive controls for customizable coffee experiences.
- Removable water tanks and simple maintenance make cleaning and upkeep straightforward.
- Budget options and premium models available, balancing size, features, and price for every home barista.
Espresso Machine with Milk Frother, 20 Bar High Pressure Coffee Maker
If you’re looking for a compact espresso machine that delivers professional-quality drinks at home or in the office, this model with a 20 Bar high-pressure pump is an excellent choice. Made of durable, BPA-free stainless steel and ABS, it fits seamlessly into any kitchen. The detachable water tank and drip tray make cleaning straightforward. With a powerful steam wand, you can create rich micro-foam for lattes and cappuccinos. Its auto and manual brewing modes let you customize extraction times, ensuring perfect espresso every time. The heat-conductive stainless steel top warms cups, enhancing flavor. Overall, it’s a versatile, stylish machine for coffee enthusiasts.
Best For: coffee enthusiasts and home baristas seeking a compact, professional-quality espresso machine with versatile brewing and milk frothing capabilities.
Pros:
- Durable, BPA-free stainless steel and ABS construction for long-lasting use
- Powerful 20 Bar pump and 1350W motor ensure high-quality extraction and rich flavor
- Detachable water tank and drip tray facilitate easy cleaning and maintenance
Cons:
- Manual extraction adjustment may require some experience to perfect drinks
- Compact size limits the capacity for making multiple drinks simultaneously
- May be more expensive compared to basic espresso machines with fewer features
CASABREWS Espresso Machine 20 Bar
The CASABREWS Espresso Machine 20 Bar stands out as an ideal choice for home baristas and small office setups seeking professional-quality espresso without taking up too much space. Its compact size (12.28 x 5.47 x 11.97 inches) packs a powerful 20 Bar Italian pump and a 1350W boiler, ensuring rich, flavorful shots with a thick crema. The stainless steel exterior adds durability and style, while the removable 34oz water tank makes refilling easy. It’s semi-automatic, allowing control over single or double shots, and includes features like a built-in pressure gauge and steam wand for milk frothing. Overall, it’s a versatile, user-friendly machine that delivers excellent espresso at home.
Best For: Home baristas and small office users seeking a compact, professional-quality espresso machine with versatile features and easy operation.
Pros:
- Compact size with a powerful 20 Bar Italian pump ensures rich espresso in limited space
- Durable stainless steel exterior adds style and longevity
- Includes a built-in pressure gauge and steam wand for customizable brewing and milk frothing
Cons:
- Requires preheating and cooldown time, which may delay brewing or steaming
- Manual operation necessitates some skill to achieve optimal results
- Small water tank (34oz) may need frequent refilling during heavy use
Kismile Espresso Machine with 20 Bar Pump and Steam Milk Frother
A standout choice for small spaces and on-the-go coffee lovers, the Kismile Espresso Machine features a powerful 20 Bar pump and a steam milk frother, delivering barista-quality drinks in a compact design. Its stainless steel body measures just 11.81” x 5.12” x 16.14”, making it perfect for kitchens, offices, or travel. The 1350W rapid heating system ensures quick, ideal extraction, while the intuitive LED touchscreen simplifies operation. With accessories like filters, a measuring spoon, and a milk frother, you can craft espresso, cappuccino, latte, or mocha easily. Its safety features and removable water tank make it both reliable and convenient for everyday use.
Best For: coffee enthusiasts seeking a compact, versatile espresso machine for small kitchens, offices, or travel use.
Pros:
- Space-saving stainless steel design perfect for limited spaces.
- Powerful 20Bar pump and rapid 1350W heating for professional-quality espresso.
- User-friendly LED touchscreen with multiple brewing options and safety features.
Cons:
- Limited water tank capacity may require frequent refilling during heavy use.
- Slightly heavier than some compact models, which may affect portability.
- Requires some practice to master milk frothing techniques for optimal foam.
Gevi Commercial Espresso Coffee Maker with Milk Frother
Looking for a commercial-grade espresso machine that delivers café-quality drinks right at home or in a small business? The Gevi Commercial Espresso Coffee Maker is a solid choice. It features a 20-bar pump, NTC temperature control, pre-infusion, and a pressure gauge, ensuring ideal flavor extraction for rich, balanced espresso, macchiatos, and Americanos. Its powerful steam wand quickly produces silky microfoam for lattes and cappuccinos, and the removable froth nozzle makes cleaning easy. Crafted with durable stainless steel and a modern design, it’s compact enough for any kitchen. Plus, user-friendly controls and a hot water function make brewing simple, supported by a 12-month warranty and lifetime tech support.
Best For: Coffee enthusiasts and small business owners seeking a durable, professional-grade espresso machine for creating café-quality drinks at home or in a compact setting.
Pros:
- Equipped with a 20-bar pump, pressure gauge, and precise temperature control for optimal flavor extraction.
- Features a powerful steam wand and removable froth nozzle for easy milk frothing and cleaning.
- Made of durable stainless steel with a modern design that fits well in various kitchen styles.
Cons:
- The semi-automatic operation may require some learning curve for beginners.
- Its compact size might limit capacity for high-volume use.
- May be more expensive than basic home espresso machines due to its commercial-grade features.
IMUSA USA GAU-18202 4 Cup Espresso/Cappuccino Maker,120 volts, Black
If you’re seeking an affordable and straightforward espresso machine that fits comfortably on your countertop, the IMUSA USA GAU-18202 is an excellent choice. It operates on 120 volts and features a durable black plastic exterior, making it lightweight and easy to handle. This machine can brew up to four cups of espresso at once, perfect for small gatherings or quick mornings. It includes a removable drip tray and filter basket for easy cleaning, plus a milk frother to create cappuccinos and lattes. Manual operation buttons give you control over brewing, and it supports both ground coffee and espresso pods, offering versatility for your favorite beverages.
Best For: individuals seeking an affordable, compact, and easy-to-use espresso machine for quick, small-batch coffee at home or in a small setting.
Pros:
- Supports both ground coffee and espresso pods for versatile beverage options
- Removable drip tray and filter basket simplify cleaning and maintenance
- Compact size (9″ deep x 7″ wide x 11″ high) fits well on most countertops
Cons:
- Limited to 4 cups per brew, which may not suit larger groups
- Plastic exterior may be less durable than metal alternatives
- Manual operation buttons require some user familiarity for optimal use
Mini Espresso Coffee Machine for Nespresso Capsules
For anyone seeking a sleek, space-saving espresso solution, the Mini Espresso Coffee Machine for Nespresso Capsules stands out with its compatibility and compact design. It works with Nespresso OriginalLine capsules from brands like Bestpresso, Peet’s, and Gourmesso, making it versatile and convenient. Its black, stylish exterior measures just 13.5 by 4 by 8.99 inches, fitting easily on any countertop. Fully automatic and powered by a 110V adapter, it brews rich espresso in around 35 seconds with a minimum of 19 BAR pressure. The machine features programmable buttons for different cup sizes, a removable water tank, and a self-cleaning function, ensuring quick, easy use.
Best For: coffee enthusiasts seeking a compact, automatic espresso machine compatible with Nespresso OriginalLine capsules for quick, high-quality brews.
Pros:
- Compact and stylish design fits easily on any countertop
- Fast brewing time of approximately 35 seconds with rich crema
- Easy to use with programmable cup size buttons and self-cleaning feature
Cons:
- Limited to Nespresso OriginalLine capsules, not compatible with VertuoLine
- Water tank capacity of 0.8L may require frequent refilling for heavy use
- Slightly heavier at 6 pounds, which may affect portability or placement flexibility
CASABREWS 3700 Espresso Machine with Steam Frother
The CASABREWS 3700 Espresso Machine with Steam Frother stands out as an excellent choice for home baristas who want professional-quality coffee without taking up too much space. Its sleek stainless steel design looks great in any kitchen or office. The compact size fits easily on counters, and the large 43.9 oz water tank means fewer refills. Equipped with a powerful 20-bar pump and 1350W motor, it delivers rich, aromatic espresso and milk-based drinks like lattes and cappuccinos. The steam wand creates creamy micro-foam, perfect for latte art. Easy to use, clean, and maintain, this machine helps you craft barista-style beverages at home effortlessly.
Best For: home baristas and coffee enthusiasts seeking professional-quality espresso and milk-based drinks in a compact, stylish machine.
Pros:
- Sleek stainless steel design that complements any kitchen or office decor
- Large 43.9 oz water tank reduces the need for frequent refills
- Powerful 20-bar pump and 1350W motor for rich, aromatic espresso and milk frothing
Cons:
- Semi-automatic operation may require some user familiarity with espresso brewing
- Learning curve for perfecting latte art and milk foam texture
- Limited to small-scale home or office use, not suitable for high-volume commercial settings
20Bar Espresso Machine with Milk Frother, Stainless Steel Coffee Maker
This stainless steel espresso machine with a milk frother is perfect for coffee enthusiasts who want barista-quality drinks at home or in the office. Its compact design fits easily into small spaces, measuring just 11.8 inches in height and width, and weighing 7.5 pounds. The 20-bar pressure system extracts rich flavors and creates a perfect crema, while the instant heating technology allows quick changeover between brewing and steaming. The detachable steam wand produces dense micro-foam for lattes and cappuccinos. With a 42oz water tank and customizable settings, it’s simple to craft espresso, lattes, or macchiatos, all with professional results.
Best For: coffee enthusiasts seeking professional-quality espresso and milk-based drinks at home or in the office with a compact, stylish machine.
Pros:
- 20-bar professional pressure system delivers rich flavor and crema.
- Instant heating technology enables quick transition between brewing and steaming.
- Compact stainless steel design fits small spaces while maintaining durability.
Cons:
- Manual operation may require some learning for optimal results.
- Limited water tank capacity may need frequent refilling during heavy use.
- No built-in grinder, requiring pre-ground coffee or separate grinder.
Breville Bambino Espresso Machine BES450BSS, Brushed Stainless Steel
If you’re seeking a sleek, space-saving espresso machine that delivers barista-quality drinks at home or in the office, the Breville Bambino BES450BSS stands out. Its brushed stainless steel exterior measures just 13.7 by 6.3 inches and weighs 10.9 pounds, making it compact and durable. The machine heats up in just three seconds thanks to its innovative thermojet system, while the digital PID control ensures precise water temperature. The automatic steam wand creates microfoam effortlessly, and the adjustable milk temperature and texture let you customize your drinks. With manual controls and support for ground coffee, it’s perfect for anyone wanting professional-quality espresso in a small footprint.
Best For: Home and office users seeking a compact, easy-to-use espresso machine that delivers professional-quality drinks with quick heating and customizable milk textures.
Pros:
- Rapid 3-second heat-up with thermojet technology for quick coffee prep
- Digital PID control for precise water temperature and optimal extraction
- Automatic steam wand with adjustable milk temperature and texture for personalized beverages
Cons:
- Limited to a single or double shot per brew cycle, which may not suit high-volume needs
- Relatively small footprint may limit larger cup sizes or additional accessories
- Manual control buttons require some familiarity for optimal operation
Espresso Machine 20 Bar with Milk Frother
A standout option for coffee lovers who want professional-quality drinks in a compact size is the Espresso Machine 20 Bar with Milk Frother. Its sleek stainless steel design measures just 7 x 12.5 x 14.75 inches and weighs under nine pounds, making it perfect for home or office. The machine features a powerful 20 Bar pump and a 1450W motor, ensuring rich, flavorful espresso with micro-foam for lattes and cappuccinos. The steam wand is user-friendly, allowing me to craft barista-quality milk art easily. With a removable water tank and straightforward operation, this machine combines performance and convenience effortlessly.
Best For: coffee enthusiasts seeking professional-quality espresso and milk-based drinks in a compact, stylish machine suitable for home or office use.
Pros:
- Compact and lightweight design makes it easy to store and move.
- Powerful 20 Bar pump and 1450W motor ensure rich, flavorful espresso with professional crema.
- User-friendly steam wand allows for easy crafting of micro-foam and latte art.
Cons:
- Limited water tank capacity may require frequent refilling for multiple drinks.
- Semi-automatic operation requires some skill and manual effort for perfect results.
- Slightly higher price point compared to basic espresso machines, which may be a consideration for budget-conscious buyers.
Espresso Machine with Milk Frother and Removable Water Tank
The espresso machine with a milk frother and removable water tank is perfect for home baristas who want café-quality drinks without cluttering their kitchen. I love how its compact stainless steel design fits seamlessly into any space. With a 20 Bar pump and fast heat system, it brews rich espresso, cappuccinos, and lattes effortlessly. The advanced milk frother and steam wand let me create professional-quality froth and latte art. Its 44 oz removable water tank makes refilling simple, and the built-in pressure gauge guarantees precise brewing. Plus, the adjustable brew strength and auto shut-off add convenience, making it a versatile choice for everyday coffee perfection.
Best For: home baristas seeking café-quality espresso and milk-based drinks with a compact, stylish machine.
Pros:
- Easy to use with adjustable brew strength and auto shut-off for convenience
- Includes advanced milk frother and steam wand for professional-quality frothing and latte art
- Removable water tank simplifies refilling and cleaning, with a sleek stainless steel design
Cons:
- May require some practice to master milk frothing and latte art techniques
- Limited to 110 volts, which may not be compatible in all regions without a converter
- Smaller size might limit brewing capacity for larger groups or frequent use
De’Longhi Stilosa Manual Espresso Machine
Designed for home baristas who want professional-quality espresso without cluttering their countertops, the De’Longhi Stilosa Manual Espresso Machine offers a sleek, compact build that fits seamlessly into modern kitchens. Its space-saving design makes it easy to place and clean. Powered by a 15 BAR pump, it extracts rich, flavorful espresso shots every time, thanks to its stainless steel boiler for durability and consistent performance. The manual steam wand lets me create textured milk for cappuccinos and lattes, while the ergonomic portafilter and adjustable cup holder add versatility. Overall, it’s a stylish, reliable machine perfect for brewing café-quality espresso at home with ease.
Best For: home baristas seeking a compact, stylish espresso machine that delivers professional-quality beverages without taking up much space.
Pros:
- Compact and sleek design ideal for modern kitchens and small countertops
- Powerful 15 BAR pump ensures rich, flavorful espresso shots
- Manual steam wand allows for customizable milk textures for various drinks
Cons:
- Manual operation may require some skill and practice for perfect results
- Limited to basic espresso and milk-based beverages; lacks advanced brewing features
- Maintenance and cleaning can be more involved due to manual components
De’Longhi Dedica Duo Espresso Machine with Milk Frother Wand
If you’re looking for a compact espresso machine that doesn’t compromise on performance or style, the De’Longhi Dedica Duo with Milk Frother Wand is an excellent choice. Its sleek Italian design measures just 5.9 inches wide, perfect for small spaces, and features a modern digital touch display for easy use. The machine brews hot and cold drinks quickly, thanks to advanced Thermoblock technology, and supports Cold Extraction for cold brew in minutes. With a commercial-style steam wand, it produces rich microfoam for lattes and cappuccinos. Overall, it combines style, versatility, and efficiency, making it a top pick for home baristas.
Best For: home baristas seeking a compact, stylish espresso machine capable of making a variety of hot and cold coffee drinks with professional-quality results.
Pros:
- Sleek Italian design that fits well in small spaces and adds modern elegance
- Fast heating with advanced Thermoblock technology, ready in just 25 seconds
- Versatile brewing options including espresso, cold brew, and milk-based drinks with a professional steam wand
Cons:
- Slightly higher price point compared to basic espresso machines
- Manual operation may require some practice for perfect results
- Limited water tank capacity may require frequent refilling for multiple beverages
Breville Bambino Plus Espresso Machine BES500BTR, Black Truffle
For anyone seeking a compact espresso machine that doesn’t compromise on performance, the Breville Bambino Plus BES500BTR in Black Truffle stands out. Its sleek, modern design fits easily on any countertop, measuring just 7.7 inches wide. It delivers professional-quality espresso using advanced brewing technology, including digital PID temperature control and ThermoJet heating that reaches the right temperature in three seconds. The low-pressure pre-infusion guarantees balanced extraction, while the 54mm porta-filter extracts full flavor. Its automatic microfoam milk texturing, adjustable temperature, and easy-to-use controls make crafting lattes a breeze. Plus, it comes with a two-year warranty and free coffee, making it a smart investment for home baristas.
Best For: coffee enthusiasts seeking a compact, stylish espresso machine that delivers professional-quality results at home with customizable features.
Pros:
- Sleek, modern design with a small footprint that fits easily on any countertop
- Advanced brewing technology including digital PID temperature control and ThermoJet heating for quick and precise brewing
- Automatic microfoam milk texturing and adjustable milk temperature and texture for barista-quality drinks
Cons:
- Limited to 2 cups at a time, which may be insufficient for larger gatherings
- May require some familiarity with espresso brewing to maximize features and results
- Slightly higher price point compared to basic espresso machines
Factors to Consider When Choosing a Compact Espresso Machine
When choosing a compact espresso machine, I focus on size and dimensions to guarantee it fits my space. I also consider brewing power and milk frothing quality to get the best coffee experience. Finally, I look for ease of use and maintenance needs to keep things simple and hassle-free.
Size and Dimensions
Choosing the right compact espresso machine starts with paying close attention to its size and dimensions. I recommend measuring your available space carefully, including the height, width, and depth, to ensure the machine fits comfortably on your counter or workspace. Look for models with a compact footprint—preferably under 13 inches wide—to maximize your space. Consider machines with detachable water tanks or accessories that can be stored separately, saving valuable room. Slim profiles or vertical designs are ideal for fitting into tight spots or small cabinets. Also, check the overall weight to ensure it’s easy to move and store when needed. Balancing size and functionality helps you find a machine that’s both space-efficient and convenient for daily use.
Brewing Power
Ever wonder what makes a compact espresso machine produce rich, flavorful shots? It all comes down to brewing power, especially the pressure generated during extraction. A high-pressure pump, usually between 15 and 20 bars, is essential for pulling that perfect shot with a creamy crema. Consistent pressure stability guarantees each brew is balanced, bringing out the full aroma, body, and flavor of your coffee. Adequate brewing power also guarantees proper water flow and extraction time, which directly influences strength and taste. Some machines feature programmable pressure settings, allowing customization based on your beans and preferences. Ultimately, strong, stable pressure performance is key to achieving barista-quality espresso right at home, making brewing power a critical factor in your choice.
Milk Frothing Quality
The ability of a compact espresso machine to produce high-quality milk froth hinges on the design and power of its steam wand or frother. A good frother should generate dense microfoam, perfect for latte art, and often features adjustable steam control to customize milk texture and foam density. A professional-grade steam wand with 360° movement ensures even frothing and consistent microfoam, reducing the risk of uneven textures. Steam pressure and temperature stability during frothing are crucial for creating rich, silky microfoam and maintaining quality over time. Additionally, easy cleaning and maintenance of the frothing system are essential to keep performance peak and hygiene high. These factors collectively determine how well your machine can deliver barista-quality milk textures at home.
Ease of Use
When selecting a compact espresso machine, ease of use is key to enjoying your coffee without frustration. I look for machines with intuitive controls like simple buttons or digital touchscreens that make brewing straightforward. Clear indicators and automatic functions, such as pre-infusion and auto shut-off, help reduce errors and save time. A user-friendly interface with minimal setup means I can prepare coffee quickly without needing extensive instructions or technical skills. Removable water tanks and drip trays are a huge plus, making refilling and cleaning hassle-free. Built-in safety features like overheat protection and auto shut-off not only safeguard the machine but also give peace of mind during operation. Overall, an easy-to-use machine enhances the entire coffee experience at home.
Maintenance Needs
Maintaining a compact espresso machine requires paying attention to regular cleaning and descaling, especially of removable parts like water tanks, drip trays, and filters. Cleaning these components prevents mineral buildup and keeps your machine running smoothly. Machines with automatic cleaning cycles or self-cleaning functions can save time but might need internal parts replaced over time. The materials used, such as stainless steel or BPA-free plastics, affect how easy it is to clean and maintain the machine long-term. Using filtered or softened water helps reduce lime scale and extends internal component life. Additionally, easy access to internal parts and straightforward cleaning procedures make routine maintenance less of a chore. Choosing a machine with these features can simplify upkeep, ensuring consistent performance and longevity.
Price and Budget
Choosing a compact espresso machine that fits your budget is essential to making a satisfying purchase. Before shopping, I recommend setting a clear budget range to narrow down options. Prices vary widely—from around $50 for basic models to over $500 for high-end, feature-rich machines. Spending more often means better heating systems, customizable settings, and increased durability. It’s important to contemplate the long-term value; a slightly pricier machine might save you money on coffee shop visits over time. Also, watch out for deals, discounts, or bundle offers that can maximize your budget. Ultimately, balancing your needs and financial limits will help you choose a machine that offers great value without overspending.
Design and Aesthetics
The design and aesthetics of a compact espresso machine play a crucial role in how well it fits into your space and style. I look for a machine that maximizes space efficiency without sacrificing visual appeal. Features like stainless steel finishes, sleek lines, and minimalist controls create a modern look that enhances any kitchen or office. Space-saving elements, such as vertical water tanks or foldable steam wands, help keep countertops uncluttered. The build quality also matters, with durable materials like stainless steel or BPA-free plastics ensuring longevity and a premium feel. Additionally, user-friendly interfaces with clear displays and intuitive buttons make operation smooth and visually pleasing. Overall, a well-designed espresso machine combines form and function, elevating your coffee station while blending seamlessly with your decor.
Additional Features
When selecting a compact espresso machine, considering its additional features can substantially enhance your coffee experience. Milk frothers, cup warmers, and hot water functions add versatility, letting you craft lattes, teas, and more with ease. Features like adjustable brew strength, temperature control, and programmable settings enable customization for your ideal cup. Safety protections such as auto shut-off, overheat, and overpressure safeguards ensure reliable, worry-free operation. Removable water tanks and drip trays make cleaning simple, saving time and effort. Modern machines often include digital displays, touch controls, and preset recipes, making operation intuitive and personalized. These features not only improve convenience but also allow you to experiment and perfect your coffee, elevating your home brewing experience to barista-quality standards.
Frequently Asked Questions
How Energy-Efficient Are These Compact Espresso Machines?
These compact espresso machines are quite energy-efficient, especially models with automatic shut-off features that turn off after a set time. I’ve noticed they use less power than traditional machines because they heat up quickly and don’t need to stay on constantly. Plus, many have eco modes to conserve energy further. Overall, I feel good knowing I can enjoy great coffee without wasting too much electricity.
Are Replacement Parts Readily Available for Maintenance?
Replacement parts are generally easy to find, like pieces in a well-stocked toolbox. I’ve discovered that reputable brands keep spare components in stock, making maintenance hassle-free. Whether it’s filters, seals, or brewing components, you can usually order them online or find them at local stores. This quick access helps me keep my machine in top shape, ensuring I get that perfect espresso shot every time without long waits.
Can These Machines Use Ground Coffee as Well as Pods?
Yes, many compact espresso machines can use both ground coffee and pods. I love that flexibility because I can choose fresh grounds for a richer taste or pods for quick, mess-free brewing. When shopping, I make sure to check if the machine has a dual-function portafilter or compatible pod system. It makes brewing more versatile, letting me enjoy various coffee styles without needing multiple machines.
What Is the Typical Lifespan of a Compact Espresso Machine?
Ever wonder how long your compact espresso machine will last? Typically, with proper care, it can serve you well for 5 to 8 years. Regular descaling, cleaning, and using quality water extend its lifespan. Do you keep up with maintenance routines? I find that a little upkeep can make a big difference, ensuring your machine continues brewing delicious espresso for years to come.
Do These Machines Require Professional Installation or Setup?
No, these compact espresso machines usually don’t require professional installation or setup. I find that most come with clear instructions and are designed for easy use, so I can set them up myself quickly. Sometimes, I just need to fill the water reservoir, add coffee grounds, and follow a few simple steps. If you follow the instructions carefully, you’ll be brewing barista-quality espresso in no time.
Conclusion
Choosing the right compact espresso machine is like finding your personal barista—one that turns mornings into moments of joy. With so many options, I see it as a quest for that perfect blend of convenience and barista-quality coffee. Remember, it’s not just about brewing; it’s about creating your daily ritual. So, trust your instincts, and let your new machine become the hero of your kitchen story.
